top of page

What Is PM? 

PM stands for particulate matter (also called particle pollution  or soot): refers to a mixture of tiny solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. Some particles, such as dust, dirt, soot, or smoke, are large or dark enough to be seen with the naked eye. Others are so small they can only be detected using an electron microscope. 

Particle pollution includes: 

PM10 : inhalable particles, with diameters that are generally 10 micrometers and smaller; and
PM2.5 : fine inhalable particles, with diameters that are generally 2.5 micrometers and smaller.​

Where does PM Come From? 

PM come in many sizes and shapes and can be made up of hundreds of different chemicals. Some are emitted directly from a source, such as construction sites, unpaved roads, fields, smokestacks or fires. Combustion of carbon-based fuels generates most of the fine particles in our atmosphere. Burning wood in residential fireplaces and wood stoves as well as wildfires, agricultural fires and prescribed fires are some of the largest sources. Wildfires are growing, particularly in the western U.S. because of climate change. Burning fossil fuels in factories, power plants, diesel- and gasoline-powered motor vehicles (cars and trucks) and equipment emits a large part of the raw materials for fine particles.

PM1.jpg
pm3.jpg

Who Is at Risk from Ozone exposure?

​

While particle pollution poses health risks for everyone, certain groups are especially vulnerable due to increased sensitivity or exposure:

​

  • Individuals who are pregnant: Exposure to particle pollution during pregnancy is linked to premature births, low birth weight, and developmental issues.

  • Infants, children, and teens: Young people have developing respiratory systems, and they breathe more air per pound of body weight, making them more susceptible to the harmful effects of pollutants.

  • Older adults (>65 years): Aging brings decreased lung function and often chronic health conditions, making the elderly more prone to respiratory and cardiovascular problems triggered by particle pollution.

  • People with lung disease : Pre-existing lung conditions make it harder to handle additional respiratory strain from particle pollution, which can worsen symptoms and increase hospital visits.

  • People with cardiovascular disease: Particle pollution can trigger cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks and arrhythmias, in those with pre-existing heart conditions.

  • Individuals with obesity or diabetes: Obesity and diabetes increase the risk of systemic inflammation and make people more vulnerable to the harmful effects of particle pollution.

  • Current or former smokers: Smoking damages the lungs, leaving individuals more susceptible to additional harm from pollutants.

  • People with lung cancer: Those undergoing treatment or with weakened lungs are at higher risk for severe effects from particle pollution.

  • People with low socioeconomic status: Often, individuals with limited resources live closer to pollution sources, may lack access to healthcare, and face additional stressors that can compound health risks.

  • People of color: Systemic inequities mean people of color often live closer to high-pollution areas and may face more barriers to healthcare access, increasing their exposure and health risks​

How PM Pollution Harms Your Health?

​​

  1. Short-Term (Acute) Exposure

    • Duration: Hours to days.

    • Health Risks:

      • Can trigger sudden cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks and arrhythmias.

      • Leads to increased hospitalizations for respiratory and cardiovascular issues.

      • Increases mortality rates, especially among people with pre-existing health conditions, the elderly, and children.

  2. Long-Term (Chronic) Exposure

    • Duration: Months to years.

    • Health Risks:

      • Increases the risk of chronic cardiovascular conditions, including strokes and coronary heart disease.

      • Can lead to the development and worsening of respiratory conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

      • Associated with premature death, often linked to heart and lung diseases.

Both types of exposure are harmful, though chronic exposure can cause lasting damage over time, while acute exposure can precipitate immediate, severe health events. Limiting exposure to particle pollution, monitoring air quality, and reducing sources of PM emissions are critical for protecting public health.
 

bottom of page